الأفعال المركبة Phrasal Verbs
الفعل المركب في اللغة الانكليزية هي عبارة عن [فعل +حرف جر (preposition أو ظرف adverb)] ينتج عنه فعل مركب له معنى مختلف تماماً عن معنى الفعل وحده.
في هذه المقالة سنتناول أمثلة أخرى عن الأفعال المركبة:
* Look
1. Look after
- يعتني ب/ لرعاية شخص أو شيء ما
- Don't worry about me, I can look after my self.
- He can always look after the neighbors' dog while they're away.
- She can look after the children while you're away.
2. Look ahead
- التفكير قُدُماً وإتخاذ القرار بشأن المستقبل
- It's time to look ahead and forget about the past.
- He needs to look ahead to decide how to expand his business.
3. Look at
- انظر الى/ للتنبيه للنظر إلى شيء ما
- Look at my father's photo when he was young!
- للتفكير في شيء ما أو النظر فيه وفحصه أو دراسته عن كثب
- The company is looking at ways to reduce the numbers of workers within 2 years.
- They are going to look at all possible options.
- دراسة شيء ما لأبداء الرأي
- Have you got a time to look at the new project plan.
- الفحص عن كثب
- Its a deep wound, you should ask a doctor to look at it.
4. Look for
- يبحث عن
- I am looking for the keys.
- أن تأمل في شيء ما، أن تتوقع شيء ما
- I'm looking for a better chances in the future.
5. Look out
- أحرص، انتبه، حاذر،(لتوخي الحذر، وخاصة عندما يكون هناك خطر)
- Look out! there's an insect on your shoulder.
- للبحث والعثور على شيء ما.
- Look out for Jane while you're there.
6. Look over
- فحص أو مراجعة
- The teacher will look over the essay before it's published.
- Would you quickly look over the answers and see if there are any mistakes?
7. Look up to
- يحترم أو يُعجب بشخص ما
- He's a popular figure, alot of younger ones look up to him.
- يتحسن أو يصبح أفضل
- I hope things will start to look up in the next term.
- لمحاولة العثور على معلومة من خلال البحث في كتاب أو على جهاز كومبيوتر
- If you don't know what the word means, look it up in a dictionary.
8. Look on
- متابعة، أو مراقبة شيء ما يحدث بدون المشاركة فيه (موقف المتفرج في الحدث)
- He didn't take part in the argument, he just looked on.
* Keep
1. Keep at
- المثابرة و الأستمرار
- keep at it, you've nearly finished.
- You'll never master your English unless you keep at it.
2. Keep back
- منع الأقتراب من شيء ما أو تجاوز حد معين
- Barriers were built to keep back the flood water.
3. Keep in
- يحتفظ، أو يمنعه من الخروج / يجعله يبقى داخل مكان معين
- I kept in the secret for so many years.
- I keep in my dog when guests arrive.
- كبت أو منع مشاعر معينة من الظهور
- She could scarcely keep in her anger.
4. Keep on
- يستمر في عمل شيء ما
- The snow kept on all night.
5. Keep up with
- مواصلة الدفع أو القيام بشيء ما بانتظام
- If you do not keep up with the payments you could lose your home.
- الإستمرار في التواصل مع شخص ما
- You walk so fast I can never keep up with you.
* Give
1. Give away
- إعطاء شيء ما مجاناً/كالتبرع أو الهدية
- She gave away most of his money to charity.
- يكشف شيئاً أو سراُ
- The names of witnesses will not be given away.
2. Give back
- رد أو إرجاع الشيء إلى أصحابه
- Could you give me the phone back?
3. Give in
- قبول الهزيمة أو الاستسلام
- She wouldn't give in until she received a full apology.
• للموافقة على القيام بشئ لا ترغب في القيام به
- Officials say they won't give in to the worker's demands.
• لتسليم شئ لشخص ما في السُلطة
- Please give your work in before Friday.
4) Give over
• توقف عن فعل شئ مزعج
- Give over, you're hurting me .
5) Give up
• توقف عن فعل شئ
- He doesn't give up easily .
- Don't offer her a chocolate, she's trying to give it up.
• إعترف بهزيمتك، إستسلم
- Have you found the answer ? No, I give up.
* Take
1. Take after
- أن تكون مشابهاً لأحد افراد عائلتك في المظهر أو الشخصية
-Your son doesn't take after you at all.
2. Take in
- السماح لبقاء شخص ما في منزلك
- She was homeless, so I took her in.
- لأخذ شخص ما إلى مركز الشرطة لإستجوابه
- Police have taken a man in for questioning after the robbery events.
- يخدع أو يغش
- That woman took me in completely with her story.
- يتنفس أو يبتلع
- Fish take in oxygen through their gills.
- فهم أو استيعاب شيء سمعه أو شاهده.
-I read the letter twice so I could take it all in.
- يشمل أو يتضمن
- The new city takes in two former towns.
3. Take off
- يقلع (اذا أقلعت طائرة أو طائر أو حشرة فإنها تترك الأرض وتبدأ في الطيران)
- The plane took off at 10 o'clock.
- يخلع (خاصة الملابس)
- He took off his cloths and got into the shower.
- لقضاء بعض الوقت بعيداً عن العمل.
- I took teen days off in August.
- انطلاق في النجاح أو الشعبية
- His career really took off after the TV appearance.
4. Take on
- لتوظيف شخص ما
- He was taken on as a security guard.
- رأي في شيء ما
- My take on this, is that she didn't like the job.
- قبول وظيفة أو مسؤولية معينة
- We can't take on any extra work.
5. Take out
- يزيل شيء ما من مكان ما
- I had took out two of my teeth.
- استخراج من مكان ما/ الحصول على خدمة أو مستند (تأمين أو رهن عقاري).
- He took out some money for the weekend.
- He had to take out a life insurance policy.
- مرافقة شخص ما إلى حدث اجتماعي أو مكان للترفيه.
- Our friend took us out for dinner.
- Dad's taking the whole family out to the cinema.
6. Take apart
- تفكيك أو فصل المكونات
- John took the laptop apart.
- هزيمة شخص ما بسهولة في لعبة أو منافسة
- He took their defence apart, scoring two goals in the first 15 min.
7. Take away
- إزالة أو انتزاع (الالم مثلاً) أو طرح الأعداد(في الرياضيات)
- The doctor gave me some pills to take away my pain.
- للحصول على رسالة أو معلومة معينة من شيء قرأته أو قيل لك
- What I took away from your talk is that you're not going to sign this deal.
- شراء الطعام من أحد المطاعم وحمله إلى مكان آخر لتناول
- Two sandwiches to take away, please.
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